What is surplus?
The word surplus comes from "superare" which means to surplus.
Surplus in economics refers to an excess of revenues over expenses, so that the difference between them is positive.
Surplus: Revenues > Expenditures
It is very common to use the word surplus to refer to the situation of the accounts of a country or an administration. In this context, we say that there is a surplus when the amount collected is greater than the amount spent. This is the so-called public surplus.
We speak of a primary surplus when the government's revenues are greater than its expenditures before paying interest on the debt.
It is also common to say that there is a surplus when a country's exports exceed imports; this is called trade surplus.
Trade Surplus: Exports > Imports
There are other types of surpluses in terms of the situation of one country with respect to another, such as the capital surplus, which occurs when a country receives more investment from abroad than it makes, and the financial surplus, which occurs when a country finances all its expenses without going into debt abroad.
Deficit is the opposite of surplus.
In the following ranking you can see which countries have a surplus and which have a deficit.